TABEL
OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
THE THOLOGY OF
HEBREWS
Historical Background of Hebrews
The Nature of
the Book
The author
The date
THEOLOGY PROPER
The idea of god
THE HOLY SPIRIT
THE CHRISTOLOGY
OF HEBREWS
The name and
titles of Christ
The
pre-Existence of Christ
The Deity of
Christ
The humanity of Jesus
THE PRIETHOOD OF
CHRIST
The order of the
priesthood of Christ
THE NEW COVENANT
THE HIGH
PRIESTLY WORK OF CHRIST
CONCUUSION
BIBLOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
This is my great privilege to write a
term paper about “The theology of Hebrews” to the subject new testament
biblical theology. The book of Hebrews mainly deals with the theologies
concerning God, Jesus and the priesthood of Jesus Christ. This book is a good
Theological book, it gives a great Theological ideas. The doctrines of
Christology and high priesthood are vitally interrelated in the epistle to the
Hebrews.
Undoubtedly
the Christology of Hebrews is one of the central theological themes of the book.
the doctrine of priest hood Christ is the outstanding doctrine of the epistle.
The author of this epistle clearly explains this priesthood by giving Old
Testament background about priestly functions. The author gives a great
teaching about hash priestly work. This epistle deals with the Christian life
too. A dusting wishing characteristic of Hebrews is the prominence which it
gives to the Christian life as a practical out working of the bather covenant
relationship with God as well as with fellow believers.
In
this Assignment we are going to discuss about some of the important theology
that is theology proper and Christology and also the priesthood of Christ and
about the Christian life. Really the author developed these doctrines very well
in this epistle. So I hope that these discussions concerning theology of
Hebrews in this assignment will useful forever.
THE
THOLOGY OF HEBREWS
Historical
background
I. The nature of
the book:
It is a letter addressed to a particular
community of people. It is a sermon with a particular group or community in
mind. The book of Hebrews is definitely not a theoretical essay to be read just
anywhere, while “the subjects themselves are of universal interest, the
discussion is directed by special circumstances.” the fore, one prefers to say
that we are dealing with a latter.
The use of the Septuagint in Old
Testament quotation seems hardly consistent with Hebrew readers; the readers of
this epistle were not poor, as the saints in Jerusalem were. All things
considered, this writer leans toward Rome as the destination, but whichever it
was the author of Hebrews definitely had a specific church or several house-
churches had a specific church or several house-churches in mind when he wrote.
THE AUTHOR: Inspire
of its divergences from the standard of Pauline authorship, the book has manifest
Pauline affinities, and can hardly have originated beyond the Pauline circle ,
to which it is referred, not only by the authors friendship with timothy, but
also by many unquestionable echoes of the Pauline theology.
THE DATE: The
tradition date is early- between 64 and 67 AD.
THEOLOGY
PROPER
I. The idea of
god
A. He is a living
God. (3:12.9:14, 19:31, 12:22).
The four refines
is emphasizing the character of God as one who is living. People may back off
from Him, serve Him, FALL INTO His hands or come unto Him city.
B. He is
enthroned in the highest (1:3; 8:1)
In both references
“Majesty” seems to be a synonymous name for God and as such He is enthroned in
heaven.
C. He is holy
energy (12:29, 4:12-13; 12:14)
Five is not used
in the figure as a picture of the way God manifests Himself, but to describe
Him very nature. As such the burns up all that are unworthy in those who serve
Him.
D. He is lord
(8:2, 11)
The Old Testament idea expressed by atonal,
a possessive plural, is reiterated here. Majesty and ownership are the two
ideas conveyed by this word.
E. He is an absolutely
righteous:
As the writer to the Hebrews employs
this concept it includes the ideas of punishment (2:2) reward (6:7, 10) and
faithfulness (10:23, 11:11).
F. He is a God
of peace (13:20)
He becomes the author and giver of
peace when the way of access to him is opened through the blood. The unapproachable
God generally speaking- of the Old Testament has opened the way through the
gift of Him son and brought peace to man.
G. He is love
(12:5)
This aspect of God’s character is
spoken of in connection with the believer’s chastening.
THE HOLY SPIRIT
A. His deity
The deity of the Holy Spirit is seen in the
following ways.
He is called God
In
4:4 the same words attributed to God are those which were ascribed to the
spirit God are those which were ascribed to the spirit in 3:7. Thus the Holy
Spirit must be God.
He performs the works of God
The
spirit was the one who gave the scriptures (3:7, 9:8) and he indwells believers
(6:4).
1.
It is
possible
to blaspheme the spirit (10:29)
B. His work
He gives gifts (2:4)
First
generation Christians were given gift from the Holy Spirit, which enabled them
to perform extra ordinary acts.
He is the authors of scripture (3:7, 9:8,
10:15)
This is the most frequently mentioned work of
the holy spirit in Hebrews, and it is characteristic of the book that the
origin of scripture is ascribed to the divine author and the human authors.
He indwells believers (6:4)
Since
the word partaker is the same as used in 12:8 it means more than simply “going
along with it brings out the fact of a personal character gained ,and that
gained in a vital development” to partake of the spirit is to possess Him.
He gives grace (10:29)
The
holy spirit is in the background in Hebrews and the son is in the foreground
conviction of sin which elsewhere in the new testament is particularly ascribed
to the spirit is in Hebrews made a matter of relationship of the simmer to a
living God this is true of both unbelievers and believers sanctification, which
is generally thought of in relation to the spirit is in Hebrews primarily the
separation unto God effected by the death of Christ 10:10.
THE CHRISTOLOGY
OF HEBREWS
The
Christology of Hebrew- one of the central thanes of the book- is more
incidentally them systematically developed as a result of the warning of the
book against drifting and the statement of the glories of the new covenant.
The name and titles of Christ
1.
His
names
a.
Christ-This
is the most frequently used name of the lord in Hebrews. when used without the
article it is a proper name 3:6, while the presence of the article generally
incorporated the idea of His office as messiah 3:14,5:5.
b.
Jesus-The human
name is used eight times in the epistle for instance in 2:9 we are told that
men’s lost dominion will be regained in Jesus the son of men. In other
instances it is related to his priesthood and the necessity for perfect and
glorified humanity
c.
Other
names-of
Christ used in Hebrews in common with the rest of the New Testament are Lord Jesus
13:20, Jesus Christ 10:10, Jesus the son of God 4:14, and Lord 2:3, 7:14.
d.
Especially
distinctive of this Epistle, however, are three names of Christ.
1.
Son 1:2- always without the article
2.
Son of God 6:6- this is a formal
designation of the second person.
3.
Priest and high priest 5:6- the frequency
of this name stands from the systematic treatment of the doctrine of the
priesthood of Christ.
C. Titles
The
distinctive titles of Hebrews are all stereological. They are mediator of the
new covenant 8:6, ground of eternal
salvation 5:9, author of eternal salvation 2:10, forerunner 6:20, apostle and
high priest of our confession 3:1,great shepherd of the sheep 13:20 and first
born 1:6.
The pre-Existence of Christ
The
doctrine of pre-existence is related to that of the deity of Christ which in
turn is vitally connected with the doctrine of priesthood, which is so
important finds an important place in the writers theology.
1.
Proved
by Christ’s works
Before the incarnation of Christ was working,
therefore, he was pre-existent. He was the one who made the ages 1:2 and who is
the continuous support of all things 1:3.
2.
Proved
by Christ’s eternal generation 1:5-6
Eternal
generation is not in view but rather appoints mint to son ship by resurrection
V-6, the Melchizedek priesthood however; the emphasis of the passage is on the
one who appoints, God for he is God, who declared the eternal generation of the
son is the same one who appointed that son as priest.
3.
Proved
by Christ’s heavenly origin 10:5-7
The
author considered the son to be pre-existent or eternally generated.
C. The Deity of Christ
If pre-existence is the first strewed, deity
is the second step which leads to the important doctrine of the priesthood of
Christ.
1.
Proved
by His names
The
names the son’s of God are, first born, Lord, author of eternal salvation, and
great shepherd of the sheep.
2.
Proved
by His attributes and characteristics
a. Effulgence of glory 4:3- The
glory of God is the manifestation of God’s attributes, and since Christ
manifests them in and of Himself, He must be God.
b. Image 1:3- The
son is the express image of God’s essence
c. Omni potency –All
things supported by Him
d. mpeccability-4:15 Christ
was Holy ,sinless stainless, and separate from contact with sinners.
e. Immutability- and entering 1:12- All
change but He is the same forever
3. Proved by His works are
also attributed to the son who can only be done by God.
4. Proved by the worship give to Him Both
men and angel worship the son
D. the humanity of Jesus
For a book which is generally through of as
stressing the deity of Christ there is a great deal said about His humanity.
1.
His
human nature was real
The
reality of the humanity of Christ is displayed by the author in His many
references to human traits which were exhibited in Christ. He was dependent on
God 2:13, He was humble 5:5; He was reverent 5:7, His prayer in dependence on
God 5:7, He was obedient, He developed into maturing. He partook of flesh and
blood 2:14 and he was the epitome of the life of faith 12:2. In all these
characteristics He reflects real humanity.
2. His human nature was shared in common
with men:
3.
He was human he shared certain
things with all of mankind. Only grace can account for His taking the nature of
man and sharing, the resultant consequences.
3. His human nature was perfect:
Christ
was human but not as we are for. His humanity was perfect. The Lord’s perfect
human nature was demonstrated so through His suffer and discipline 2:10.
E. The superiority of Christ:
All
that the author says about Christ has as its presupposition His Divine son ship
first he shows how Christ is superior to the prophets of the Old Testament
1:1-3. Second, he shows the superiority of the son over angels 1:4-2. Third, he
shows the superiority of Christ to moses3:1. Finally, the Contrasts Christ with
the priests of the Old Testament. In all of these contrasts the writer is
seeking to fortify his reader’s loyalty to Christ the mediator of the new
covenant.
F. The offices of Christ:
The
prophetic and Kingly offices are mentioned but briefly. As prophet1:2 the son
speaks in this present period of history. As king He shall be worshiped by the
angels when He comes again 1:6.
G. The Exaltation of Christ:
The
resurrection is mentioned specifically in only one place 13:20. The ascension
is mentioned with some frequency because it is the gateway to the present high
priestly ministry. It involved passing through the lower heavens into heaven
itself 4:14.
Since
biblical theology is concerned with discovering the threw of the writer
concerned it must be apparent that the writer of Hebrews held the same “higher
Christology” as it has been called- as Paul and john. That is he beloved that
the Love was both human and divine and had no Jesus titles which were perfectly
familiar to him as designations of deity. This was the evident thought of the
author and to discover that, not the opinion of interpreters is the task of
Biblical Theology.
THE PRIETHOOD OF CHRIST
The
doctrines of Christology and high priesthood are vitally interrelated in the
epistle to the Hebrews. Nowhere else in the New Testament is the title priest
or high priest applied to Christ? The teaching concerning the person of the
high priest is found mainly in the section from 4:14 to 7:28. However,
references to his work are scattered throughout the whole epistle.
1. The qualifications for the office of
high priest 5:1-10
a. He had to be a man v.1
Christ’s
incarnation qualified him to serve, for in it he took upon himself the nature
of man.
b. He had to be compassionate v.2
In
this the priest had to have gentle consideration because he was compassed about
with weakness.
c. He had to be chosen by God v.4-6
Christ
qualified because the God who eternally begat Him also chose Him a priest
forever.
They had to be prepared v.7-8
Since
men suffer, they mend a stmpathizicy high priest and since sympathy can only be
genuinely exercised by one who has suffered himself, our lord had to learn of
suffering and obedience. There in these verses is one of the several mentions
of his weeping.
4.
The
order of the priesthood of Christ
a.
The
point of the melcizedek priesthood
The point is simply that this
priesthood of Christ is a melchizedekan one, not a aerobic one. Psalm 110 was the
sufficient evidence for these Jewish readers. This fact enables him to say that
Christ is another kind of priest 7:15. The emphasis is on the personality of
the priest and not on the factions performed. This relation of a different
order of priesthood has two ramifications.
1.
It explain why only contain things are
said about melchizedek
2.
It obliterates the artificial distinctions
usually raised concerning the aerobic and melchizedekan priesthood.
3.
It is not that Christ was a priest in
his person after the order of Melchizedek and in his work after rhea order of Aaron.
b.
The
portraiture of Melchizedek 7:1-3 Gen 14.
The writer sets forth contain
facts concerning Melchizedek’s life and then says that he was “made like unto
the son of God “v. 3. The comparison is between Christ and the limited
revelation give concerning Melchizedek, the specifics of which concern the
manner of Melchizedek’s appearing in the priesthood and not the manner or
nature of birth or life. The portraiture is a limited one in order that the
resemblance may be extensive
THE NEW COVENANT
The symbol of covenant is frequently
mentioned in the epistle. the old covenant eighth Israel, the mosaic law ,
figures in the discussion concerning the tabernacle 31:31-34 is prominent is
the discussion of chapter 8. The new covenant Jesus is the mediator 9:15,
became of the shedding of his blood by which he ratified it 9:16-20.
The new covenant with the church
is that better covenant of which the author speaks. In any case, the prophecy
of Jeremiah is quoted in chapter 8 in order to emphasize that even the Old
Testament predicted the end of the mosaic covenant. The new covenant under
which the church is blessed is not the yet to be fulfilled to the house of I sale
and the house of Judah as prophesied.
THE HIGH
PRIESTLY WORK OF CHRIST
Priestly
function of the Aaronic could and do foreshadow in type those things which Christ,
the Melchizedek on priest, also perfumed. Christ can and does fulfill Aaronic
type, but he has fulfilled has no other relationship of the work of the Aaronic
priests, Christ’s work was different for he did not offer anything for himself
and his offering of himself was once for all.
CONCUUSION
In
conclusion I observed that the theology of Hebrews is essentially the theology
of the priesthood of Christ in relation to the better covenantal promise for
the Christian in this age. The writer hoped that understanding the truth of
what this reads has in Christ would be the two nice which would cure their ills
and stop their drifting course of life. The logical order of the development of
the theology is very convincing first; the writer introduces Christ in all of
the essential dignity of his person overshadowing all other. Then he develops
the theme of his priesthood and finally he shows the ethical and marl implications
of the lives of believers. The Christology of Hebrews is preparatory: the
priesthood is central, the Christian life is consequent.
Through writing of this assignment I learned May
things in the book of Hebrews. I should say the book of Hebrews is treasure of New
Testament. This book gives clear picture about Jesus Christ and his authority
over human binges and this entire world. I enjoyed much by writing these
theology of Hebrews it is really very useful at present as well as in future.
BIBLOGRAPHY
Bruce
F.F. The Epistle to the Hebrew. U.S.A.
1990.
Brooke
foss west coh. The Epistle to the
Hebrews. U.S.A. 1980.
Charles
Caldwell Ryrie, biblical theology of the
New Testament. Moody press Chicago. 1959.
Donald Guthrie. New Testament Theology. U.S.A. 1961.
G.B.
Stevens, The theology of the new
testament.Londan.
Thomas
D.Lea. The New Testament and Its
background and message.U.S.A.1961